The Church of Saints Cosmas and Damianus is one of a complex of three churches that share a common atrium fronted by a colonnade. The others two are the Church of St. John the Baptist, at the center, and the Church of St. George. The three were constructed between 529 and 533 AD, during the episcopate of Paul.

Two rows of arched pillars separate the aisles from the nave. A baptistery was added later in the 6th century, which is shared with the adjacent church.

This church features a remarkable mosaic floor depicting wonderful animal and human images. The mosaic remains in excellent condition, which is rare given the iconoclasm that destroyed images in churches across the region. This mosaic most likely survived as it was abandoned during the 7th century. The most notable image here is thought to be of the church warden Theodoros and his wife Giorgia.

The name of the church is taken from an inscription that names twin brothers who were devout Christian physicians. The brothers were martyred by the Romans, and as saints they are known as the "unmercenary" as they practiced medicine free of charge for the poor.
(From information on site)